The phases of one heartbeat
The cardiac cycle is the sequence of events in a single heartbeat, divided into systole (contraction) and diastole (relaxation). Atrial systole tops off ventricular filling with the so-called atrial kick. Ventricular systole follows: pressure rises during isovolumetric contraction until it exceeds aortic and pulmonary pressure, the semilunar valves open, and blood is ejected. Ventricular diastole then begins with isovolumetric relaxation, the semilunar valves close, and the ventricles refill as the AV valves open.
Valve events generate the heart sounds: closure of the AV valves produces S1 and closure of the semilunar valves produces S2.
Pressure and volume relationships
Plotting ventricular pressure against volume produces the pressure-volume loop, which encloses the stroke work of each beat. End-diastolic volume minus end-systolic volume gives stroke volume, and stroke volume divided by end-diastolic volume gives the ejection fraction, a common clinical measure. This is general physiology information and not a substitute for medical advice; symptoms should be assessed by a qualified clinician.