The estrogen-receptor-beta proposal
Ecdysterone (20-hydroxyecdysone) is a steroid-like compound from plants such as spinach and Rhaponticum. Unlike anabolic steroids, the proposed mechanism is not the androgen receptor but selective activation of estrogen receptor beta (ER-beta), a receptor subtype linked in some models to anabolic signalling in muscle without the classic estrogenic effects associated with ER-alpha. This receptor-selectivity is the basis for the marketing claim of muscle gain without estrogenic side effects.
How thin the human evidence is
The headline human reference is a small German study reporting strength and lean-mass gains, which contributed to ecdysterone being placed on a monitoring list by anti-doping authorities. That is a single small trial, and absorption of ecdysterone in humans appears low, so the effect size and even the ER-beta mechanism in people remain unconfirmed. The claim should be read as preliminary, not established.
Ecdysterone is not a proven anabolic agent and may be flagged in drug testing. This is general educational information, not medical advice.