Why requirements move across the life course
Recommended intakes are not fixed numbers for everyone; they shift with age, sex, and reproductive status to match changing physiology. Rapid growth, blood volume expansion, and tissue building all raise demand for specific nutrients at particular stages, which is why reference tables are split by life stage rather than given as a single adult figure.
The diagram lines up these stages so the jumps, rather than the absolute values, stand out.
The biggest shifts: pregnancy, lactation, and aging
Pregnancy raises needs for iron (expanded blood volume and fetal stores), folate (neural tube development), iodine and choline (fetal brain development). Lactation raises choline and zinc to supply breast milk while iron need often falls back. With aging, reduced stomach acid impairs B12 release from food, so older adults are often advised to get B12 from supplements or fortified foods that do not require acid for absorption.
This is general educational information, not medical advice. Prenatal and age-specific supplementation should be set with a qualified clinician.