Quick doubling estimates without a calculator
The rule of 72 is a mental approximation: divide 72 by the annual return rate to get the number of years needed to double an investment. At 8% annual return, roughly 9 years. At 6%, roughly 12 years.
The formula works because exponential growth at rate r follows the equation (1 + r)^t = 2 for doubling. The constant 72 is a practical approximation of the natural logarithm of 2, scaled to percentage rates.
Accuracy and real-world application
The rule is more precise in the 5% to 10% range and less accurate at extremes (below 1% or above 15%), but for typical investment returns, it's accurate enough for rough planning. It also works in reverse: divide 72 by years to get the required return rate needed to double.
The simplicity makes it a useful sanity check in conversations about long-term wealth growth and inflation effects.