Refilling catecholamine raw material
Tyrosine is the amino acid precursor for the catecholamine neurotransmitters dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline. Under demanding conditions such as acute stress, sleep loss, or cold exposure, the brain uses these transmitters faster, and the idea behind supplementing tyrosine is to keep the substrate pool topped up so synthesis can keep pace with that elevated demand.
This is why most positive findings come from stressful or depleting situations rather than from rested, unstressed baseline conditions.
Where benefit is plausible and where it is not
Trials suggest tyrosine may help preserve working memory and reaction performance specifically when a stressor would otherwise degrade it; it does not appear to act as a general stimulant or boost cognition in already-rested people. The effect is best read as protecting against decline under load rather than raising a normal ceiling.
This is general educational information, not medical advice. Tyrosine can interact with thyroid medication and certain antidepressants and is unsuitable in some conditions. Consult a qualified professional before use.